2. Scientific and technological developments in lithium batteries and accumulators

2.1 Non-rechargeable systems: lithium batteries (1950-)

Research into lithium and sodium generators began in the late 1950s. It intensified significantly, particularly in the United States, during the following decade, under the impetus of government programs, mainly in the defense and space sectors (NASA) . The early 1970s saw the emergence of systems more dedicated to consumer electronics applications, developed mainly by Japanese firms (Sanyo, Matsushita).

In all cases, the motivation behind...