1. Li-ion batteries

In principle, producing energy involves converting a particular form of energy (photons, chemical reaction, temperature, etc.) into an electric current. The various technologies developed to date include fuel cells, batteries or accumulators, solar or photovoltaic cells, and thermoelectric cells. Cells, accumulators or batteries are devices whose function is to transform the energy released by an electrochemical reaction into electrical energy. This process takes place at the device's two electrodes (positive and negative) and leads to the generator's discharge. If the electrochemical reaction is irreversible, the generator is discharged once and for all. This is referred to as a primary system or battery. If the reaction is reversible, an external source of energy is used to return the electrodes to their initial state and recharge the device after discharge. This is known as a secondary...