Failure mode for Ni-MH batteries

Nickel-Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH) Technology, applications and forecast

Figure 2 - Market share breakdown of nickel-metal-hydride battery manufacturers in 2017 (doc. Avicenne Energy)

Figure 3 - Nickel-metal hydride battery market trends between 2000 and 2017 (doc. Avicenne Energy)

Figure 4 - Ragone diagram of different technologies

Figure 5 - Schematic diagram of the metal hydride formation steps [4].

Figure 6 - Operating principle of a nickel-metal-hydride battery [4].

Figure 7 - Recombination mechanism during overcharging of a nickel-metal-hydride battery [5].

Figure 8 - Structure of a nickel foam [6]

Figure 9 - Modification of the structure of nickel hydroxide [4] [7].

Figure 10 - Scanning microscope image of nickel hydroxide particles

Figure 11 - Diagram of hydrogen adsorption and desorption in an alloy [11].

Figure 12 - Crystal structure of LaNi5 type compounds [14]

Figure 13 - Strip-casting process for AB5 alloy developed by Santoku (Japan) [8].

Figure 14 - Image of the structure of a non-woven separator

Figure 15 - Self-discharge characteristics of the main separator families

Figure 16 - Diagram of a button-type element [3] (doc. VARTA-micro battery)

Figure 17 - VARTA V500HT button element bundle

Figure 18 - Cylindrical accumulator assembly diagram

Figure 19 - Prismatic accumulator assembly diagram [doc. Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI)].

Figure 20 - Fragmentation of alloy particles after a few cycles

Figure 21 - Typical charge for a 7.2 V high-power nickel-metal-hydride battery

Figure 22 - Typical discharge of a high-power 7.2 V nickel-metal-hydride battery

Figure 23 - 4 A charge for a 24 V 20 Ah battery at 40°C

Figure 24 - Example of products available in Japan [8].

Figure 25 - Toyota 2.0 L system battery (THSII) (Toyota doc.)

Figure 26 - Nilar 12 V battery diagram