1. Definition and approach to industrial risks

Due to various constraints currently weighing on halogenated refrigerants, so-called natural refrigerants are often mentioned as an alternative [1][2] . These are mainly hydrocarbons (butane and propane) and ammonia. From a strictly thermodynamic point of view, the renewed interest in these fluids is entirely justified.

Unfortunately, the use of these fluids must be approached with great caution, due to the technological risks associated with them: flammability, explosiveness and toxicity. To limit these risks, certain precautions need to be taken. These mainly concern the quality of the installation's design and construction, as well as the training of future users.

However, the consequences of drift are always possible, which...