1. Fouling
Fouling, which in its most general form can be defined as the deposition of undesirable materials or substances on a wall, affects a wide variety of industrial operations. In the case of heat exchangers, the presence of a strong thermal gradient near this wall makes fouling mechanisms much more complex than in the isothermal case encountered, for example, when membranes or filters are used.
This fouling, which is often unavoidable in industrial plants, produces two types of effects:
an increase in frictional pressure losses on the walls, followed by a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the fluid flowing through the unit, leading to partial or total clogging of the exchanger. In this case, the term "clogging" is used;
a deterioration in...
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Fouling
Corrosion
Bibliography
Events
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII, Schladming, Austria, June 14-19 (2009) – Held every two years.
Standards and norms
European standards
- Échangeurs thermiques. Terminologie Ce document donne une terminologie des échangeurs thermiques permettant des termes cohérents. Elle a été établie à partir d'une analyse des critères fondamentaux relatifs à la conception, la réalisation et le mode d'exploitation des échangeurs thermiques - NF EN 247 - 12-97
- Échangeurs thermiques. Définition de la performance des échangeurs...
Regulations
Law no. 571 of October 28, 1943, as amended, concerning steam pressure vessels used on land and gas pressure vessels used on land or on board inland navigation vessels.
Decree of April 2, 1926, as amended, regulating steam engines other than those on board ships.
Decree no. 63 of January 18, 1943, as amended, regulating gas pressure equipment
Decree...
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AFNOR (Association française denormalisation) http://www.afnor.org
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