6. Conclusions and outlook

Faced with the socio-economic and environmental challenges of modern society, hydrogen offers a real solution for a virtuous transition of energy along the entire value chain, from production to storage and use.

This challenge can be met, provided that hydrogen is produced using clean, low-carbon sources and technologies. Grey and even blue hydrogen must give way once and for all to green hydrogen! Making this green hydrogen economically viable and accessible will come at a cost, but it's the price of energy independence combined with an essential reduction in environmental impact.

Under these conditions, and as detailed in this article, hydrogen cannot be deployed on a massive scale without the cold, both in terms of mature technologies already available and those that absolutely must be developed to support this transition.