4. Catalytic reforming reaction diagrams
Considering the number of reactions involved in catalytic reforming, it's easy to see why it's impossible to establish the exact mechanism with any certainty.
However, by isolating some of the most important reactions, we can try to determine whether they are part of a monofunctional metal-acid mechanism, a bifunctional metal-acid mechanism, or a more complex mechanism. Only some of these will be described below.
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Dehydrocycling of kerosenes
In particular, the transformation of n-heptane into toluene has been the subject of a great deal of work aimed at establishing the kinetics of the reaction. Published data show that these kinetics are complex; in particular, it has been established that the order of the reaction with respect to hydrogen can be positive, negative or zero, and that the reaction...
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Catalytic reforming reaction diagrams
Industrial implementation
Bibliography
Economic data
In 2000, worldwide catalytic reforming capacity stood at 530 Mt/year, corresponding to 660 plants in operation worldwide.
In 2000, worldwide production capacity for aromatic hydrocarbons was 40 Mt/year for benzene, 21 Mt/year for toluene and 34 Mt/year for xylenes, with catalytic reforming and steam cracking of petroleum cuts being the two main production routes. At that date, reforming accounted...
Catalyst manufacturers
The global market for catalytic reforming catalysts in 2000 is estimated at around 5,000 t.
As a result of mergers and acquisitions and withdrawals, there are now around 5 catalyst manufacturers, marketing some 40 different products.
The main ones are :
UOP (Union Oil Products)
Procatalysis
...
User industries
There are around 660 catalytic reforming plants in 770 refineries worldwide. In short, all major refineries have a reforming unit, and the industrialists are therefore all types of refiner, and in particular :
the major groups: Exxon-Mobil, Shell, BP, Chevron-Texaco and TotalFinaElf;
national companies: Pemex, Saudi Aramco, Sonatrach... ;...
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