4. Conclusion and outlook

The level of development of these fuel cell systems means that a wide range of applications can now be envisaged commercially. In this article, applications in the fields of marine, river, aeronautical and aerospace mobility, followed by portable applications, are detailed and illustrated by numerous examples.

The integration of hydrogen technology in the maritime and aeronautical sectors is at an advanced stage of research and development, with the first prototypes being tested and made reliable. Larger-scale development should begin over the next decade. The world's leading automakers are working on the integration of fuel cell systems as Auxiliary Power Units (APUs). Direct hydrogen combustion propulsion is envisaged for large aircraft, but the integration of fuel cell systems and the electrification of propulsion only seem feasible for smaller aircraft....