1. Context

1.1 Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier

In the current environmental and energy context, it is urgent to pursue and intensify the diversification of sustainable technologies, in order to meet the major energy and climate challenges of the 21st century, reflected notably in the Paris Agreement adopted at COP 21 in 2015. There is no doubt today that we need a future energy system that is sustainable in several aspects: energy, political and environmental. Energy sustainability implies a system based on inexhaustible sources, at least on a human scale. Political sustainability means secure, affordable energy for all, and environmental sustainability means an independent, non-polluting energy system with no significant impact on the environment.

In this triptych,...