5. Conclusion

The management of septage is a major environmental challenge, due to its complex composition and high pollution potential. The management of this waste entails the following substantial risks:

• the presence of organic and inorganic pollutants;

• the appearance of emerging contaminants;

• dangers to human health ;

• pollution of water and soil resources ;

• greenhouse gas emissions.

The various treatment methods available aim to mitigate these risks by transforming waste into useful products or reducing its toxicity prior to disposal or recovery.

Treatment and recovery options are numerous, ranging from treatment in wastewater treatment plants to methanization,...