4. Seismic regulations
4.1 Developments in seismic regulations
It was at the beginning of the 20th century, following the earthquakes in San Francisco (April 18, 1906) and Messina (December 28, 1908), that the first earthquake-resistant design rules were proposed. Their aim was simply to impose a certain resistance of structures to horizontal forces, by means of a flat-rate seismic coefficient (of the order of 0.1), possibly modulated according to elevation (higher seismic coefficient for upper floors).
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