5. Conclusion

The overview we have just given of the various aspects of earthquake engineering shows that this is a rapidly evolving, multi-disciplinary technique that is both an "art" and a science. Following post-seismic observations, experimental and theoretical studies supported by numerical calculation, there are now standards and calculation tools that enable a rational approach to the behavior of constructions subjected to earthquakes. The approaches proposed require more training for those involved.

Third-generation codes, such as the 2005 version of Eurocode 8, are in force in most countries concerned by seismic risk. They are not immune to the criticism that they are too complex. They do, however, have the merit of presenting a clear, structured approach to seismic-resistant projects. Through the use of behavior coefficients and ductility rules, these codes provide...