6. Conclusion

Various simplified modeling strategies have been presented to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete elements such as walls and beams, or to take account of the soil-foundation system of a structure. Models involving material behavior laws that are often uniaxial are described. These concepts can be used to model 3D behavior at structural scale. The advantage of these simplified models lies in the relative ergonomics of the tools, the robustness of the simulations and the simple use of material behavior laws whose parameters are much easier to calibrate than for three-dimensional finite element simulations.

Another advantage is that these tools enable us to carry out simulations that are inexpensive from a numerical point of view, while often providing satisfactory information even at the local level.

Nevertheless, several...