4. Specifications for use
4.1 Pavement engineering
Specifications for use have been set according to heavy traffic, the position of the layer in the pavement structure, and the road technique used for its production (treated or untreated, mainly with a hydraulic or hydrocarbon binder). They are all the more demanding the heavier the traffic, the closer the layer is to the road surface, the more flexible the binder, the lower its dosage and the longer its setting time, and the weaker the mechanical properties of the road product used. They also take into account the possible heterogeneity of aggregate supplies and a common level of site hazards.
These use specifications have been established on the basis of conclusive results from laboratory studies and pavement experiments, followed...
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Specifications for use
Aggregates market in France
Bibliography
Standardization
European specification standards
- Granulats pour matériaux traités aux liants hydrauliques et non traités. - NF EN 13242 -
- Granulats pour mélanges hydrocarbonés et enduits superficiels. - NF EN 13043 -
- Granulats pour bétons. - NF EN 12620 -
- Granulats pour mortiers. - NF EN 13139 -
- Granulats légers (parties 1 et 2). - NF EN 13055 -
- Granulats pour ballasts de voies ferrées....
Productions of the French Committee for Road Techniques (CFTR)
Aide au choix des granulats pour chaussées - Note d'information n° 10, January 2005.
Valorization of local materials - Technical guide, October 2004.
Validation of regional technical guides - Information note no. 9, December 2004.
Regional technical guides
Limestone, Île-de-France - 1996.
Les Chailles, Île-de-France - 1996.
Silt, Île-de-France - 1996.
Les sablons, Île-de-France - 1996.
Bottom ash from household waste incineration, Île-de-France - 1998.
Recycled concrete and demolition products, Île-de-France - 2003.
...
Regulations
Law no. 76-663 of July 19, 1976 on facilities classified for environmental protection.
Law no. 93.3 of January 4, 1993 on quarries.
Arrêté du 22 septembre 1994 relatif aux exploitations des carrières et aux installations de premier traitement des matériaux de carrière.
Arrêté du 10 février 1998 relatif à la détermination du montant des garanties financières...
Consumption - Production
French aggregates production has reached around 400 million tonnes a year since 2000, with no significant change since.
Figures 1 and
Suppliers
The structure of aggregates supply in France at the end of 2006 is shown in figure 3 . For supplier addresses, a directory can be consulted or purchased from UNICEM.
Organizations
SETRA Service d'Études Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes http://www.setra.equipement.gouv.fr
UNPG Union Nationale des Producteurs de Granulats
UNICEM Union Nationale des Industries et des Carrières et Matériaux de construction http://www.unicem.fr
...
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