1. Heat transfer modes

1.1 General

Heat is produced by a boiler, an industrial by-product, an exchanger fed by a heat network, a heat pump or a warm air generator.

Heat networks comprise a centralized heat production system, pipelines and substations (points where heat is delivered to the various consumers).

Heat is transmitted through pipes or ducts.

Heat is emitted by radiators, convectors, unit heaters, floor or ceiling panels, radiant panels, air-conditioning units and warm air registers.