1. Background and development

1.1 Background and reduction of greenhouse gases

Construction is subject to the application of thermal regulations (RE2020), which have evolved considerably in recent years and now require the construction of positive-energy buildings (BEPOS), which produce more energy than they consume, or even passive-energy buildings (BEPAS), which consume very little energy and recycle that which is produced. The RE2020 has three main objectives:

• energy sobriety;

• low-carbon construction ;

• summer comfort.

Positive energy buildings must have a heating consumption of less than 12 kWhep/m ² , a total energy...