1. Obsolescence of long-life systems

Over the last few decades, technology has grown exponentially, resulting in the rapid introduction of new components with advanced features and functions. The phenomenon is specific to electronics and is characterized by the doubling of computer processing speeds every two years, a law known as Moore's Law. The philosophy behind Moore's Law is that component density (or the number of transistors on integrated circuits) doubles every 24 months. This has led to increased pressure to replace and/or upgrade components and/or subsystems in manufactured technological products. In long-life systems industries such as space, avionics and defense, system lifetimes can extend over several decades. One of the main problems these systems face during their lifetime is obsolescence