1. Progress and development of electric rail traction

Electric traction, with the technical developments it has undergone during this period, occupies a special place in the general evolution of the rail mode; the constant progress of power electronics linked to the creation of new components, the growing use of digital techniques for the command and control of these systems, the progress of modeling for calculation and dimensioning have enabled us to create traction systems with constantly improved performance, with ever-increasing power-to-weight ratios, while preserving the simplicity, economy and reliability of these systems.