6. Chemical, pharmaceutical and biological industries

Electric resistance ovens are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and biological industries for preparing granules and pellets, drying medicinal plants, various sterilization processes, microbial cultures, vacuum heating and isothermal maintenance.

There are also many electric hot air generators used in manufacturing processes or for testing, mainly in the chemical industry. A wide range of power (from a few tens of watts to several thousand kilowatts) and temperature requirements, up to over 1,000 ˚C, can be met.

For temperatures below 1,000 ˚C, heating elements are made up of metal resistor banks (often shielded resistors, finned elements or similar); for higher temperatures, heating elements are non-metallic (gas reheating above 1,200 ˚C with silicon carbide heating elements).