3. Conclusion

The idea of using lithium to design cells and then batteries dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, but it wasn't until the 1970s that the proof-of-concept for lithium-ion batteries was demonstrated. It took another twenty years to bring the first lithium-ion battery to market. Since this first battery was brought to market in 1991, numerous advances have enabled us to bring to market a range of technologies with performance levels tailored to specific applications. Lithium-ion batteries are complex (and potentially dangerous) objects whose composition varies widely from one technology to another. The challenge is to recycle them as efficiently as possible, while minimizing their environmental impact. Recycling processes are essential to the development of the battery market for the energy transition and sustainable mobility, and to help secure the supply of raw materials needed...