3. Applications of electrodynamics

Problems involving the application of the laws of electrodynamics can generally be summed up as the study of wave propagation. This can be done in a variety of ways.

The generator feeds a structure that guides the waves in a fixed direction. These structures are generally referred to as waveguides, with cables or lines being only special cases.

When transmitting waves over long distances, it is often preferable to use free space. This transmission takes place via antennas, which are transitional structures between the guide feeding them and free space. They are the source of the radiation phenomenon.

Waves propagating in free space may encounter obstacles that cause them to undergo reflections and refractions. Generally speaking, these phenomena are known as electromagnetic wave scattering.

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