1. Definitions

Electromagnetic compatibility is the ability of a device, apparatus or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without itself producing electromagnetic disturbances that are intolerable for anything in that environment.

According to the European EMC Directive, an appliance is defined as "any finished device or combination of such devices placed on the market as an independent functional unit, intended for the end user and liable to produce electromagnetic disturbance, or whose operation may be affected by such disturbance". Any electronic or electrical device is therefore concerned.

Electromagnetic disturbances are electromagnetic phenomena likely to cause malfunctions in a device, appliance or system. An electromagnetic...