6. Conductor losses

Since the rise of information technology, drivers have been used less than twenty years ago for long- and medium-distance communications (from a few meters to over a hundred meters, with telephony remaining an exception). This is partly due to the increased frequency of devices. Signals at gigahertz frequencies are more easily processed by wireless transmission, not to mention the economic and practical aspects. Examples include contactless badges (or RFID: Radio Frequency Identification Device), but also WiFi terminals and cell phones.

On the other hand, very short connections are used in digital circuitry, where the problem of losses is not fundamentally important. On the other hand, the subject is very sensitive when it comes to high-frequency analog electronic devices. For example, the efficiency of a narrow-band antenna can be degraded by a poor choice of technology....