4. Other electronic tube families
Other tubes are being researched to extract very high peak power, some of which may well have major market potential. It's impossible to describe them here; we'll just mention a few.
The best-known are amplifiers derived from the gyrotron principle. Gyroklystrons and gyroTWTs are designed for applications requiring hundreds of kW c between 20 and 140 GHz, mainly trajectory radar. The peniotron is a variant of the gyrotron, which makes do with weaker magnetic fields, hence its interest.
Russian researchers have come up with other CRM tubes where the beam follows a helical trajectory synchronized with a circularly polarized wave. But unlike gyrotrons and other gyroklystrons, the electrons remain monokinetic: there is no bunching. The advantage of this is very high efficiency (75% class), since...
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Other electronic tube families
Conclusion
Bibliography
Events
The proceedings issue of the IVEC (International Vacuum Electronics Conference, an annual event sponsored by the IEEE) is the essential publication for keeping abreast of developments in electronic tube technologies and their applications.
Statistical and economic data
This country-by-country list of players in the industry is as comprehensive as possible, but there are bound to be a few omissions, which the author hopes will not be held against him. The differences in size between these players are not indicated, but they can be significant.
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