4. Photoswitches for microwave applications

4.1 Issues

The integration of optics into telecommunication systems has improved their performance, considerably reduced their weight and, above all, reduced the complexity of their architectures. One of the main thrusts of this integration is the direct optical control of microwave circuits in integrated technology. The optical signal is used to control active circuits and passive devices. For non-linear circuits, the optical signal is injected directly into the active components. For example, optical signals have been used to control the gain of a