2. The layers above the Earth's atmosphere
The upper layers of the atmosphere in which HAPS will evolve have yet to reveal all their mysteries. A better understanding of these environments through international cooperation should help define the equipment and processes needed to ensure their reliability.
2.1 Temperature and ionization
There are two ways of looking at space as a function of altitude: one based on temperature variations, the other on the level of ionization of air layers under the effect of solar and space radiation.
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The layers above the Earth's atmosphere
The HAPS and LAPS classes of atmospheric satellites
Bibliography
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Climate Impulse
Euro Airship
...Standards
- Space systems – Space debris mitigation requirements. - ISO 24113 - 2011
- Space systems – Disposal of satellites operating at geosynchronous altitude. - ISO 26872 - 2010
- Space systems – Design, testing and operation of a large constellation of spacecraft. - ISO/TS 6434 - 2024
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