1. Commercial launch of UMTS system upgrades

1.1 UMTS market in France

Since the launch of UMTS in France by SFR and Orange France at the end of 2004, the audiovisual and telecoms ecosystem has undergone upheaval at regulatory level, notably with the release of new frequencies from the digital dividend, but also with the arrival of smartphones, touch phones, mini-PCs and tablets, which have been massively adopted by the general public. As a result, applications embedded in cell phones have become the norm, thanks to the many online stores available (applications stores ), at any time (anytime ), from anywhere (anywhere ), for free or for a few euros. With new uses linked to the mobile Internet, which for the first time provides services worthy of a personal computer in a mobile situation, data traffic has exploded, leading to...