5. Outlook and developments

High-speed multiplexing

The main areas of development are :

• on the equipment side, increased flow rates and spans;

• on the network side, the growing introduction of single and multiple ring architectures;

• on the operating side, the move towards standardized Q3 interfaces.

The evolution of new amplification and multiplexing techniques is detailed below.

Increased range

Optical amplifiers are used to optimize the cost per kilometer of transmission networks. They reduce the number of repeaters and increase the range of high-speed transmission systems, particularly in the 1,550 nm window.

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