2. Linux operating system

2.1 Presentation

Linux , also known as GNU/Linux, is an open-source Unix operating system. It was originally developed by Linus Torvalds for PC machines, but has since been adapted for other platforms such as PowerPC, Macintosh, Amiga, Atari, DEC Alpha, Sun Sparc, ARM, etc.

Linux tends to be POSIX-compliant in order to maintain maximum compatibility with Unix-like systems.

The kernel is modular in design, and is under constant development. The code corresponding to the core of the kernel itself is very small. The rest of the functionality is loaded, either on demand while the system is booting, or on each system reboot if the kernel has been configured and recompiled to launch this functionality on boot. The kernel can...