8. Conclusion

Embedded system security is a crucial issue for industry and end-users alike. But embedded systems are under threat from all sides. This article reviews the main software, physical and blended threats targeting embedded systems. It has presented some of the main protection strategies from system level (software and hardware) to the lowest physical level. The wide range of protections may lead one to believe that securing an embedded system is a simple matter. Unfortunately, even if the protections presented sometimes respond effectively to a specific threat, none of them can claim to provide complete system security. There's no magic formula for securing an embedded system, and each new case requires upstream reflection to select the right protections as early as possible, in line with a properly defined threat model. This is why security should not be, or should no longer be, considered...