3. Players, tools and business models

There are a variety of platforms and tools for alternative data, not all with the same sources, nor the same specialties, and the services offered are aimed at different audiences: researchers, publishers, institutions, funders. The main players (table 12 ) are :

• the Public Library of Science (PLoS) with its Article-Level Metrics (ALM);

• Altmetric.com;

• Plum Analytics and its PlumX tool;

• ImpactStory.