2. Operations in France

2.1 Definition of cryptographic means

Article 29 of the French Law for Confidence in the Digital Economy (LCEN) of June 21, 2004 defines the means.

It is "any hardware or software designed or modified to transform data, whether information or signals, using secret conventions or to perform the opposite operation, with or without a secret convention. The main purpose of cryptology is to guarantee the security of data storage or transmission, by ensuring confidentiality, authentication or integrity control".