2. Safety needs of the various players

2.1 Payment method issuer

The main responsibility obviously lies with the issuers of the means of payment, essentially banks and related organizations. Secondly, there are several standards for the means of payment issued:

• EMV (Europay Mastercard Visa) ;

• national standards (e.g. bank cards in France);

• private payment (e.g. Accor, Cofinoga).

The issuing of means of payment is regulated differently in each country, following a strict framework set by a government body, such as the Banque de France....