6. Conclusion

When it comes to carrier VPNs, whose primary function is to create a site-to-site network, the most common protocol is MPLS. For a subscription fee that varies in cost, MPLS provides basic functionality: routing of networks with private IP addresses between different sites and separation of traffic flows between the various entities within the carrier’s network. MPLS allows for the transport of IP packets, as well as other Layer 2 or Layer 3 protocols.

In most cases, the operator ensures quality of service by guaranteeing a maximum packet loss rate, maximum latency and jitter values, as well as a data rate and a GTR (Guaranteed Recovery Time) or GTI (Guaranteed Intervention Time), except on consumer-grade links. If the contract provides for it, traffic may be prioritized according to classes of service (CoS).

However, MPLS does not provide...