7. Conclusion

The triptych one biomass – one process – one valorization has evolved into a wide range of products, thanks to a broad panoply of technologies, the combination of which is identity. What's more, the rule of economies of scale, based on homogeneous supply, leads to a vast range of biorefineries, always linked to supply basins and therefore to territories.

Biorefineries are set to develop in a context of substitution and direct competition with simplifying processes that are already well established (fossil fuels, synthetic biochemicals) or under development (solar, hydro, wind). In this context, the viability of biorefineries is directly linked to their sustainability, adaptability and flexibility.

When public policies aim to reduce environmental impacts, they facilitate systemic approaches in which synergies are essential between bioeconomy...