4. Fluidized-bed reactor technology

Fluidized-bed reactors can be very different in design, depending on the type of solid, the operating speed, the nature of the reaction, and so on. In practice, these reactors can be divided into three categories (figure 7 ):

• bubbling bed reactor (moderate speed regime) and single hearth reactor;

• multi-stage bubbling bed reactor (moderate speed regime) ;

• circulating bed reactor (high operating speeds).

• Single-stage bubbling bed reactors are commonly used in processes such as catalytic reactions