1. Indirect route

1.1 Process sequence

Indirect coal liquefaction involves the following steps (Figure 1 ):

• coal preparation;

• oxygen production;

• gasification with pure oxygen;

• conversion of CO to H ₂ (water gas shift);

• purification of synthesis gas;

• Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, FT (the core of the process);

• HDI isomerization hydrocracking of long-chain paraffins to produce a "finished" fuel;

• ...