4. Conclusion

The principle of copper-based molecular machines is based on the complexing properties of copper ions. A first molecular shuttle was developed to prove that it was possible to control the translational movements of a ring along an axis by means of an electrochemical signal. Later, a new ring was created to make these movements much faster. Finally, new axes were also developed to enable translations over longer distances. The performance of simple molecular machines is constantly being improved, but more complex molecular machines using these principles are also being invented, such as