2. Industrial processes

Today, more than 200 isomerization units are in operation around the world. These units operate either with second-generation catalysts (platinum on mordenite) or, for the most part, with third-generation catalysts (platinum on chlorinated alumina). Only processes using third-generation catalysts are currently capable of isomerizing n-butane, which is less reactive than its higher homologues.

In the current refining environment, the isomerization process has become essential and is proving to be a strategic process. Indeed, with increasingly stringent regulations surrounding gasoline formulation (no more lead, limits on aromatic compounds, particularly benzene, olefin content, and sulfur compounds, while maintaining a high octane level), the isomer produced in isomerization units (free of aromatics, olefins, and sulfur) is an ideal diluent for other fuel bases and...