5. Different coupling concepts

5.1 Recycling wastewater for agricultural irrigation

Today, only 2% of the 165 billion m ³ of water collected and treated worldwide is reused. This figure is still too low, but is rising sharply, and for good reason: wastewater reuse is a highly effective way of limiting groundwater abstraction and saving an increasingly precious resource.

Membranes can be used to filter water of poor quality, enabling the removal of salts and other micropollutants from such water under given conditions. A long-term field experiment using ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for salt removal was conducted with secondary effluents, aiming to demonstrate the sustainability of agricultural production using irrigation with...