3. Outlook and developments

The last decade has undoubtedly seen significant progress in the synthesis of nanomaterials in microfluidic devices, from the establishment of novel experimental conditions to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle growth and formation. However, the scaling-up of these processes has remained limited and remains a challenge. As a fast-growing field in nanoscience and engineering, the development and application of continuous nanomaterial synthesis systems requires further attention and collaboration from researchers in materials engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering. However, three emerging areas stand out:

• the development of in situ analytical methods for understanding nanoparticle formation mechanisms and for future needs in the field of industrial production;

• process...