1. Context
In 2001, the European Community published a list of 33 priority substances for water monitoring (2000/60/EC, Water Framework Directive). Among these substances are tributyltin compounds. These compounds are used as heat stabilizers in the plastics industry, as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and for their antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial activity of tributyltin (TBT) has been exploited in the manufacture of antifouling paints to protect ship hulls and submerged port facilities. TBT and its degradation product dibutyltin (DBT) were therefore the cause of widespread contamination of harbors and coasts, and the toxic effects on marine fauna led to a ban on its application from 1 er January 2003.
Since January 1 2008, the presence of TBT has been banned on all ships...
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Context
Organotin-based antifouling systems
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Water quality – Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri (bioluminescent bacteria assay) – Part 3: method using freeze-dried bacteria (classification index: T90-320-3) - NF EN ISO 11348-3 - 02-99
- Soil quality – Determination of selected organotin compounds – Gas chromatography method - ISO 23161 - 2009
Regulations
Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Official Journal L327 of 22/12/2000) – Annex VIII.
IMO, 2005, Antifouling Systems. International Convention on the control of harmful antifouling System on Ships. International Maritime Organization. London.
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ABOATOX (Finland) http://www.aboatox.com/
BIONEF (Paris, France) http://www.bionef.fr/index.html
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