4. Conclusion

At present, it is clear that hydrogen production by water electrolysis is not commercially competitive. On the other hand, it paves the way for a hydrogen civilization as a clean energy carrier, helping to stabilize CO ₂ levels in the atmosphere, provided that the electrical energy used is also produced by low-carbon footprint processes. However, the replacement of fossil fuels by hydrogen can only be gradual for several reasons. Firstly, current global production is far from sufficient to enable hydrogen to rapidly replace conventional fuels. The energy transition will only be possible if production capacity is considerably increased. The observation is particularly instructive when we consider the transport sector, which is one of the main sources of CO ₂ emissions into the atmosphere. Indeed,...