The latest publications in this offer are:
Waveguides are used for the property of light trapping and guiding. Optical laser is the mainly application but since last years another application is interested by, solar cells. This article describes the principles and lost mechanisms involved in waveguides.In particular, it exhaustively presents the physico-chemical properties of fluorophore materials and support matrices. It will enable readers to identify the limits and to put in perspective the axes of development in this field. Finally different applications using this technology are presented.
The quest for more efficient photovoltaic devices requires not only the development of new materials but also the understanding of aging processes of the existing devices. This article presents an overview of the working principle of solar cells, the main phenomena that decrease their efficiency and different techniques for their characterization. A proper understanding of such aspects, allows the understanding of degradation mechanisms in the modules. Considering that silicon-based modules represent 95% of the solar cells used today, a specific type of degradation of such modules, induced by light and elevated temperatures (LeTID), is discussed. The hypothesis behind its causes and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail.
The chemistry of complex mixtures has many practical applications. After reviewing the definition, the nature of the bonds and the nomenclature of complex compounds, the equilibrium constants of complexation reactions are examined. The distribution of complex forms is presented and the conventional methods for determining equilibrium constants are considered. The practical significance of complexation reactions is further illustrated in terms of industrial applications such as the production of aluminium, wet-chemistry surface treatment and mineral processing in order to extract metals. Complexation reactions are also very useful in analytical chemistry, either to carry out separations or to hide species that interfere in quantitative determinations.
Thanks to their “processability” in the liquid phase combined with their mechanical robustness, semi-conducting polymers are ideal candidates for the fabrication of thermoelectric generators, systems allowing to convert a temperature difference into a difference of electric potential. In this paper, after an introduction whose main goal is to fix the context and the basic vocabulary, the main physical phenomena responsible for the energetic conversion as well as the most important fabrication techniques are presented. Special attention is devoted to printing fabrication techniques. At the end, the environmental impact of such devices and the current technological challenges are addressed.
The scale formation in industrial or domestic water supplying system causes numerous technical and economic issues. Find green anti-scale solutions, with low production costs and in accordance with current regulations is a key challenge. In this paper, scale and its formation mechanism will be first developed, followed by a brief introduction to indexes used in water quality. Then, the article will develop the main scaling characterization methods. Finally, upstream treatments and chemical inhibitors, allowing to avoid scale formation, will be presented. A special attention will be paid to the environmental impact of chemicals and their green alternatives using plant extracts.
In this article, a concise and clear presentation of the fundamental bases on the dyes used for textile is described. A detailed description of the different classes of dyes for each type of substrate to be dyed is done, with a short presentation of the different process used with the advantages and disadvantages of each dyes family. In addition, this article describes toxicological risks for humans and the environment through the use of synthetic dyes.
Oxidoreduction reactions occur in a wide range of situations, from biological processes such as photosynthesis up to the industrial applications of electrolytic production and including storage and restitution of electric energy in secondary batteries. However the oxidation level of a chemical element, or even the variation in this oxidation level, is insufficient to characterize the ability of compounds to behave as oxidizing or reducing compounds. However, the determination of standard potentials allows for predicting the possibilities of oxidoreduction reactions through thermodynamics. After mentioning briefly the basic principles of oxidoreduction, the article details the methods of access to standard potentials.
The type of thermoelectricity dealt with in this article is the direct conversion of heat into electricity. After having provided a reminder of electrical and thermal conduction phenomena in solids, this article presents the thermoelectric effects, firstly via an experimental approach and then via a microscopic and thermodynamic approach. It proceeds by focusing on direct energy conversion and the performances of thermoelectric generators. It concludes with conventional materials and their recent developments.
Access to a comprehensive database of articles
Rely on the ultimate technical and scientific knowledge database
Contents written and validated by leading experts to ensure reliability and expertise
Our experts committeeQuizzes, medias, tables, formulas, videos, practical paths, etc...
Enhanced reading experience
Reference articles available in English and French
Updates available in both languages
|
Single-user
1821 € excl. VAT
|
||
| Knowledge database | ||
| Number of licenses | Depending on company size | 1 |
| Languages | French and/or English | French and/or English |
| Access to enhanced reference articles | Unlimited | Unlimited |
| Access to archives | ||
| Publication updates and monitoring tools | ||
