1. Context

The electroluminescence (EL) of organic molecules was first observed in 1963 by Professor Pope on anthracene crystals . Very thick layers of these crystals (between 10 μm and 10 mm) emitted light at very high voltages (of the order of a hundred volts). In 1977, the demonstration of electrical conductivity in polyacetylene films by Professors Heeger, Mac Diarmid and Shirakawa paved the way for what would later be called "organic electronics" (EO)