3. How to implement an ultra-short pulse application?

Translating the specific characteristics of ultra-short pulses into concrete applications concerns a wide variety of fields. The implementation of laser processes is closely linked to the materials envisaged for the application. More often than not, the materials of industrial interest are not the model materials used in scientific studies, and the results of these studies are not quantitatively transferable. This is the case when we go from pure metals (copper, aluminum) to alloys (stainless steel), or from transparent laboratory materials (fused silica, etc.) to window glass. Data concerning these materials of industrial interest are often classified as manufacturing secrets, and precise studies (ablation rate, ablation threshold, etc.) are a prerequisite for truly controlled development. Figure