1. Applications for vapor-compression heat pumps

1.1 PAC market trends

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1.1.1 Situation in France

Following the oil shocks of the 1970s, the installation of mainly air-to-water heat pumps enjoyed a boom period in the early 1980s, at the instigation of Électricité de France (PERCHE Pompe à chaleur En Relève de Chaudière dans l'Habitat Existant program). The heat pump was then installed to complement oil or propane boilers. In mid-season, the heat pump is able to supply all the power required to heat the premises, then, when the outside temperature drops, the traditional...