4. Applications

4.1 Existing applications

In the late 1990s, Kanthal AB (Sweden, Sandvik Group) acquired the license from Drexel University (USA) to synthesize MAX phases by sintering. Production increased from a few dozen grams to 100 kg/year in 2005.

Kanthal AB still produces and markets MAX phase powders and finished products under the Maxthal® brand name, with heating elements as the main application. Two grades are produced: Maxthal211 and Maxthal312, Ti ₂ AlC and Ti ₃ SiC ₂ respectively.

Thanks to their temperature stability in air, resistance to mechanical shock (thermal cycling possible), machinability and electrical...