1. Forming
Forming is carried out without metal removal, by plastic deformation of the steel.
Such an operation is feasible as long as the metal is sufficiently deformable. The curve shown in figure 1 defines the three temperature ranges in which this condition can be considered to be met:
hot: at a temperature above Ac 3 , the steel is in the austenitic state;
cold, i.e. at room temperature or slightly above;
but also lukewarm or medium-hot: between about 550 °C and Ac 1 .
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Forming
Machining
Bibliography
Standardization
French Standards Association (AFNOR)
http://normesenligne.afnor.fr/cgi-bin/normesenligne.storefront/
- Steel products – Determination of total elongation percent under maximum load. - NF A03-162 - 12-87
- Steel products – Steel hardness-tensile strength conversion values. - A03-173 - 11-84
- Steel...
Organizations
Office technique pour l'utilisation de l'acier(OTUA)
Centre technique des industries mécaniques(CETIM)
Bassetti (logiciel FUZZIMAP)
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