6. Conclusions

The main thermal objective of a ladle or casting system is worth remembering:

"The temperature difference of the liquid metal between the ladle filling and the last mold cast must be as small as possible.

Following on from the various examples given above, we would like to highlight the following:

• the role of the lid and bag insulation :

  Whatever the nature of the metal or its temperature level, putting a lid on or insulating the body of the ladle achieves approximately the same gain.

  The cumulative effect of these two actions is to reduce the temperature drop of the liquid metal in the ladle by a factor of three;

• the role of bag capacity adjustment :

  It's the temperature of the liquid metal that...